Plant Physiology Preview
Published on September 29, 2006; 10.1104/pp.106.088104
Received August 9, 2006
Accepted September 7, 2006
Light Induced Expression of a MYB Gene Regulates Anthocyanin Biosynthesis in Red Apples
Adam M. Takos , Felix W. Jaffé , Steele R. Jacob , Jochen Bogs , Simon P. Robinson , and Amanda R. Walker *
CSIRO Plant Industry, Adelaide Laboratory, PO Box 350, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
Department of Agriculture and Food Western Australia, Locked Bag 7, Manjimup, WA 6258, Australia
* Corresponding author; email: mandy.walker{at}csiro.au.
Anthocyanins are secondary metabolites found in higher plants that contribute to the colors of flowers and fruits. In apples, several steps of the anthocyanin pathway are coordinately regulated, suggesting control by common transcription factors. A gene encoding an R2R3 MYB transcription factor was isolated from apple (Malus x domestica Borkh. V. ‘Cripps’ Pink') and designated MdMYB1. Analysis of the deduced amino acid sequence suggests that this gene encodes an orthologue of anthocyanin regulators in other plants. The expression of MdMYB1 in both Arabidopsis plants and cultured grape cells induced the ectopic synthesis of anthocyanin. In the grape cells MdMYB1 stimulated transcription from the promoters of two apple genes encoding anthocyanin biosynthesis enzymes. In ripening apple fruit the transcription of MdMYB1 was correlated with anthocyanin synthesis in red skin sectors of fruit. When dark-grown fruit were exposed to sunlight, MdMYB1 transcript levels increased over several days correlating with anthocyanin synthesis in the skin. MdMYB1 gene transcripts were more abundant in red skin apple cultivars compared to non-red skin cultivars. Several polymorphisms were identified in the promoter of MdMYB1. A dCAPs marker designed to one of these polymorphisms segregated with the inheritance of skin color in progeny from a cross of an unnamed red skin selection (a sibling of Cripps' Pink) and the non-red skin cultivar ‘Golden Delicious’. We conclude that MdMYB1 coordinately regulates genes in the anthocyanin pathway and the expression level of this regulator is the genetic basis for apple skin color.
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