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First published online January 9, 2003; 10.1104/pp.012732

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Plant Physiol, February 2003, Vol. 131, pp. 430-442

Gene Expression in Autumn Leaves1

Rupali Bhalerao, Johanna Keskitalo, Fredrik Sterky, Rikard Erlandsson, Harry Björkbacka,2 Simon Jonsson Birve, Jan Karlsson, Per Gardeström, Petter Gustafsson, Joakim Lundeberg, and Stefan Jansson*

Umea Plant Science Center, Department of Plant Physiology, Umea University, 901 87 Umea, Sweden (R.B., Jo.K., H.B., S.J.B., Ja.K., Per. G., Pet. G., S.J.); and Department of Biotechnology, Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm Center for Physics, Astronomy, and Biotechnology, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden (F.S., R.E., J.L.)

Two cDNA libraries were prepared, one from leaves of a field-grown aspen (Populus tremula) tree, harvested just before any visible sign of leaf senescence in the autumn, and one from young but fully expanded leaves of greenhouse-grown aspen (Populus tremula × tremuloides). Expressed sequence tags (ESTs; 5,128 and 4,841, respectively) were obtained from the two libraries. A semiautomatic method of annotation and functional classification of the ESTs, according to a modified Munich Institute of Protein Sequences classification scheme, was developed, utilizing information from three different databases. The patterns of gene expression in the two libraries were strikingly different. In the autumn leaf library, ESTs encoding metallothionein, early light-inducible proteins, and cysteine proteases were most abundant. Clones encoding other proteases and proteins involved in respiration and breakdown of lipids and pigments, as well as stress-related genes, were also well represented. We identified homologs to many known senescence-associated genes, as well as seven different genes encoding cysteine proteases, two encoding aspartic proteases, five encoding metallothioneins, and 35 additional genes that were up-regulated in autumn leaves. We also indirectly estimated the rate of plastid protein synthesis in the autumn leaves to be less that 10% of that in young leaves.

1 This work was supported by the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation, by the Foundation for Strategic Research, by the Swedish Research Council (grant to S.J.), and by the Swedish Research Council for the Environment, Agricultural Sciences, and Spatial Planning (Formas; grants to S.J., J.L., and P.G.).

2 Present address: Lipid Metabolism Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, 32 Fruit Street, GRJ 1328, Boston, MA 02114.

* Corresponding author; e-mail stefan.jansson{at}plantphys.umu.se; fax 46-786-66-76.

© 2003 American Society of Plant Biologists


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