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PLANT PHYSIOLOGY , Vol 114, Issue 3 759-769, Copyright © 1997 by American Society of Plant Biologists
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GENE REGULATION AND MOLECULAR GENETICS |
Identification and Characterization of a Fruit-Specific, Thaumatin-Like Protein That Accumulates at Very High Levels in Conjunction with the Onset of Sugar Accumulation and Berry Softening in Grapes
D. B. Tattersall, R. van Heeswijck and P. B. Hoj
Department of Horticulture, Viticulture, and Oenology (D.B.T., R.v.H., P.B.H.), and The Cooperative Research Center for Viticulture (R.v.H., P.B.H.), Waite Campus, University of Adelaide, PMB1, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
The protein composition of the grape (Vitis vinifera cv Muscat of
Alexandria) berry was examined from flowering to ripeness by gel
electrophoresis. A protein with an apparent molecular mass of 24 kD, which
was one of the most abundant proteins in extracts of mature berries, was
purified and identified by amino acid sequence to be a thaumatin-like
protein. Combined cDNA sequence analysis and electrospray mass spectrometry
revealed that this protein, VVTL1 (for V. vinifera thaumatin-like protein
1), is synthesized with a transient signal peptide as seen for apoplastic
preproteins. Apart from the removal of the targeting signal and the
formation of eight disulfide bonds, VVTL1 undergoes no other
posttranslational modification. Southern, northern, and western analyses
revealed that VVTL1 is found in the berry only and is encoded by a single
gene that is expressed in conjunction with the onset of sugar accumulation
and softening. The exact role of VVTL1 is unknown, but the timing of its
accumulation correlates with the inability of the fungal pathogen powdery
mildew (Uncinula necator) to initiate new infections of the berry. Western
analysis revealed that the presence of thaumatin-like proteins in ripening
fruit might be a widespread phenomenon.
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