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PLANT PHYSIOLOGY , Vol 112, Issue 1 67-74, Copyright © 1996 by American Society of Plant Biologists
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WHOLE PLANT, ENVIRONMENTAL, AND STRESS PHYSIOLOGY |
Ammonia Flux between Oilseed Rape Plants and the Atmosphere in Response to Changes in Leaf Temperature, Light Intensity, and Air Humidity (Interactions with Leaf Conductance and Apoplastic NH4+ and H+ Concentrations)
S. Husted and J. K. Schjoerring
Plant Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Agricultural Sciences, The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark
NH3 exchange between oilseed rape (Brassica napus) plants and the
atmosphere was examined at realistic ambient NH3 levels under controlled
environmental conditions. Different leaf conductances to NH3 diffusion were
obtained by changing leaf temperature (10 to 40[deg]C), light intensity (0
to 600 [mu]mol m-2 s-1), and air humidity (20 to 80%), respectively. NH3
adsorption to the cuticle with subsequent NH3 transport through the
epidermis had no significant effect on the uptake of atmospheric NH3, even
at 80% relative air humidity. NH3 fluxes increased linearly with leaf
conductance when light intensities were increased from 0 to 600 [mu]mol m-2
s-1. Increasing leaf temperatures from 10 to 35[deg]C caused an exponential
increase in NH3 emission from plants exposed to low ambient NH3
concentrations, indicating that leaf conductance was not the only factor
responding to the temperature increase. The exponential relationship
between NH3 emission and temperature was closely matched by the temperature
dependence of the mole fraction of gaseous NH3 above the leaf apoplast (NH3
compensation point), as calculated on the basis of NH4+ and H+
concentrations in the leaf apoplast at the different leaf temperatures. NH3
fumigation experiments showed that an increase in leaf temperature may
cause a plant to switch from being a strong sink for atmospheric NH3 to
being a significant NH3 source. In addition to leaf temperature, the size
of the NH3 compensation point depended on plant N status and was related to
plant ontogeny.
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