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PLANT PHYSIOLOGY , Vol 111, Issue 1 137-145, Copyright © 1996 by American Society of Plant Biologists
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WHOLE PLANT, ENVIRONMENTAL, AND STRESS PHYSIOLOGY |
Induction of Male Sterility in Wheat by Meiotic-Stage Water Deficit Is Preceded by a Decline in Invertase Activity and Changes in Carbohydrate Metabolism in Anthers
S. Dorion, S. Lalonde and H. S. Saini
Institut de Recherche en Biologie Vegetale, Universite de Montreal, 4101 Rue Sherbrooke est, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H1X 2B2
Water deficit during meiosis in pollen mother cells of wheat (Triticum
aestivum L.) induces male sterility, which can reduce grain set by 40 to
50%. In plants stressed during meiosis and then rewatered, division of
pollen mother cells proceeds normally but subsequent pollen development is
arrested 3 or 4 d later. An inhibition of starch accumulation within the
pollen grain suggested that an alteration in carbohydrate metabolism or
assimilate supply may be involved in pollen abortion. We measured levels of
various carbohydrates and activities of key enzymes of Suc metabolism and
starch synthesis at different stages of pollen development in anthers
collected from well-watered and water-stressed plants. Compared to
controls, soluble sugars increased in anthers stressed during meiosis, then
decreased at later poststress stages. Sucrose and myoinositol accounted for
part of the sugar accumulation. The activity of soluble acid invertase
declined 4-fold during the stress period and never recovered thereafter.
Sucrose synthase activity during starch accumulation in pollen was also
lower in the anthers of plants stressed at meiosis. Stress had little
negative effect on the activities of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase or
soluble and granule-bound starch synthase during starch accumulation in
pollen, although at the earlier stages, ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase
activity in stressed anthers was slightly lower compared to controls. The
results suggest that carbohydrate starvation per se and inhibition of the
enzymes of starch synthesis probably were not responsible for the
stress-induced pollen abortion. Instead, an inability to metabolize
incoming sucrose to hexoses may be involved in this developmental lesion.
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