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PLANT PHYSIOLOGY , Vol 102, Issue 2 459-466, Copyright © 1993 by American Society of Plant Biologists
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CELL BIOLOGY AND SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION |
Conditioning of Parsley (Petroselinum crispum L.) Suspension Cells Increases Elicitor-Induced Incorporation of Cell Wall Phenolics
H. Kauss, R. Franke, K. Krause, U. Conrath, W. Jeblick, B. Grimmig and U. Matern
FB Biologie der Universitat Kaiserslautern, Postfach 3049, D-6750 Kaiserslautern, Germany (H.K., R.F., K.K., U.C., W.J.)
The elicitor-induced incorporation of phenylpropanoid derivatives into the
cell wall and the secretion of soluble coumarin derivatives (phytoalexins)
by parsley (Petroselinum crispum L.) suspension cultures can be potentiated
by pretreatment of the cultures with 2,6-dichloroisonicotinic acid or
derivatives of salicylic acid. To investigate this phenomenon further, the
cell walls and an extracellular soluble polymer were isolated from control
cells or cells treated with an elicitor from Phytophthora megasperma f. sp.
glycinea. After alkaline hydrolysis, both fractions from elicited cells
showed a greatly increased content of 4-coumaric, ferulic, and
4-hydroxybenzoic acid, as well as 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde and vanillin. Two
minor peaks were identified as tyrosol and methoxytyrosol. The pretreatment
effect is most pronounced at a low elicitor concentration. Its specificity
was elaborated for coumarin secretion. When the parsley suspension cultures
were preincubated for 1 d with 2,6-dichloroisonicotinic, 4- or
5-chlorosalicylic, or 3,5- dichlorosalicylic acid, the cells exhibited a
greatly increased elicitor response. Pretreatment with isonicotinic,
salicylic, acetylsalicylic, or 2,6-dihydroxybenzoic acid was less efficient
in enhancing the response, and some other isomers were inactive. This
increase in elicitor response was also observed for the above-mentioned
monomeric phenolics, which were liberated from cell walls upon alkaline
hydrolysis and for "lignin-like" cell wall polymers determined by the
thioglycolic acid method. It was shown for 5-chlorosalicylic acid that
conditioning most likely improves the signal transduction leading to the
activation of genes encoding phenylalanine ammonia lyase and 4-coumarate:
coenzyme A ligase. The conditioning thus sensitizes the parsley suspension
cells to respond to lower elicitor concentrations. If a similar mechanism
were to apply to whole plants treated with 2,6-dichloroisonicotinic acid, a
known inducer of systemic acquired resistance, one can hypothesize that
fungal pathogens might be recognized more readily and effectively.
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